The nose plays a crucial role in breathing, filtering air, and facilitating the sense of smell. When problems arise in the nasal passages or sinuses, it can lead to significant discomfort and other health issues. Below are common nasal ENT disorders:
1. Chronic Sinusitis-
Sinusitis refers to the inflammation of the sinuses, which are air-filled cavities located around the nose. Chronic sinusitis occurs when the inflammation lasts for 12 weeks or longer and can lead to long-term discomfort.
Causes: Chronic sinusitis may result from a bacterial or fungal infection, nasal polyps, or underlying conditions such as allergies or asthma.
Symptoms: Nasal congestion, facial pain or pressure, thick nasal discharge, headaches, and reduced sense of smell are common symptoms.
Treatment Options: Treatment may include nasal corticosteroids, saline nasal sprays, antibiotics (if bacterial), and surgery in severe cases to remove polyps or clear blocked sinuses. Allergy management may also help reduce the frequency of flare-ups.
2. Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever)-
Allergic rhinitis is an inflammation of the nasal airways caused by allergens like pollen, dust, mold, or pet dander. It leads to symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose, nasal congestion, and itchy eyes.
Causes: Exposure to allergens triggers the release of histamines in the body, leading to inflammation and irritation in the nasal passages.
Treatment Options: Antihistamines, nasal corticosteroids, and decongestants are commonly used to manage symptoms. Immunotherapy (allergy shots) can be considered for long-term relief in severe cases.
3. Nasal Polyps-
Nasal polyps are noncancerous growths that develop in the lining of the nasal passages or sinuses due to chronic inflammation. They can obstruct airflow, leading to difficulty breathing through the nose.
Causes: Chronic sinus infections, asthma, allergies, and cystic fibrosis are common factors that increase the risk of nasal polyps.
Symptoms: Nasal obstruction, loss of smell, facial pressure, and chronic sinus infections are common
Treatment Options: Nasal corticosteroids are often prescribed to shrink polyps. In cases of large polyps or when other treatments fail, surgery may be required to remove them.
